Mass Tourism Mont-Saint-Michel.
Called mass tourism the way of tourism that emerged through the widespread use of paid leave in many industrialized countries in the 1960s to the popular "masses", the most significant part of the population, travel and support economic sector tourism1. Which assumes holiday costs lessened, helped by the means of transport and accommodation more accessible.
Description
The first experience of mass tourism takes place in 1841, when Thomas Cook organized a train trip between Leiceister in Loughborough, 500 militants under temperance league. The writer Martin Viry note: "This is the first time that brings people together in a station, we count them, we check if they are on the list, which runs a program . Puritan religious roots are not trivial. There is an air of pilgrimage collective communion in mass tourism. Tourism is very religious. And there is indeed something sacred to being able to have the geography of the world out of itself "2.
Unlike traditional forms of tourism, aimed at the practice of an activity (religious tourism, wine tourism, etc.) or the discovery of a type of site, landscape or culture (memory tourism, green tourism, river tourism etc.), mass tourism is more a designation theorized by scientific studies on tourism practice, an analytic judgment, although some places (trusted, world city, world Heritage of Unesco, etc.) and some activities the most publicized and more democratized, particularly support this form of tourism, giving a website a reputation that may encourage more people to visit it.
Travel is generally regarded as a right for every human being, especially defended by the Travel Industry and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 3. The "social tourism" is the movement of democratization of tourism, noticeable since the 1960s also: creation of the International Bureau of Social Tourism (BITS) in Brussels in 1963, and unanimously adopted the "Manila Declaration" by members of the World tourism Organization in 1980.
The travel package is typical of mass tourism, and the concentration of resorts on a limited place: this is where the tourists stay in droves.
Impact
Benidorm (Alicante), symbol of mass tourism in Spain.
Mass tourism often has negative impacts on people and the environment. Waste are mass produced, lots of energy and water are needed. Water, a scarce commodity in hot countries, is particularly wasted in the major resorts, to the detriment of local people (running water, irrigation, etc.). On average in the tropics, 27 liters of water are consumed per day per capita against 100 liters per day per tourist (departmental data, 2005). By the sea, the water is usually pumped directly into the water table, which regularly result in subsidence and infiltration of sand from beaches, this filling underground voids formed. In this case, the beaches concerned and tend to disappear, making tourist numbers fall accordingly.
Critical in light of the history of tourism
Tourism has emerged in the eighteenth century: it was then generally aristocrats facing worlds where the values are not the same as hers, where the danger is tangible and where an "initiation" meaning exists. In the nineteenth century, bourgeois mimic travelers of the last century, to acquire, by imitation, social status, but by abandoning the very basis of the idea of travel. In the following century, tourism continues this company disconnects the "journey" of its original intellectual pursuit, including mass tourism, but also by those who reject it: indeed, destinations are generally known in advance and tourism is no longer a goal of human development. The main goal now is to have fun and relax, in atmospheres which tend to standardize or to sanitize with a strong importance of marketing2.
References
↑ Bertrand Reau, The French and holidays: Sociology practices and leisure offers, CNRS, May 12, 2011, 235 p. (ISBN 9782271072023)
↑ a and b Martin Viry, interviewed by Eugenie Bastié, "Tourism for All! How modernity has killed the journey "[archive] lefigaro.fr, July 25, 2014.
↑ The World Tourism Organization says "the right to tourism and freedom of tourist movements." See the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism [
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